Configuring Ubuntu for Python Development

Note: the following instructions assume that you are connected to the Internet and that you have both the main and universe package repositories enabled. All unix shell commands are assumed to be running from your home directory ($HOME). Finally, any command that begins with sudo assums that you have administrative rights on your machine. If you do not — please ask your system administrator about installing the software you need.

What follows are instructions for setting up an Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic) home environment for use with this book. I use Ubuntu GNU/Linux for both development and testing of the book, so it is the only system about which I can personally answer setup and configuration questions.

In the spirit of software freedom and open collaboration, please contact me if you would like to maintain a similar appendix for your own favorite system. I’d be more than happy to link to it or put it on the Open Book Project site, provided you agree to answer user feedback concerning it.

Thanks!

Jeffrey Elkner

Governor’s Career and Technical Academy in Arlington

Arlington, Virginia

Vim

Vim can be used very effectively for Python development, but Ubuntu only comes with the vim-tiny package installed by default, so it doesn’t support color syntax highlighting or auto-indenting.

To use Vim, do the following:

1. From the unix command prompt, run:

   $ sudo apt-get install vim-gnome
   

2. Create a file in your home directory named .vimrc that contains the following:

   syntax enable
   filetype indent on
   set et
   set sw=4
   set smarttab
   map <f2> :w\|!python %
   

When you edit a file with a .py extension, you should now have color systax highlighting and auto indenting. Pressing the key should run your program, and bring you back to the editor when the program completes.

To learn to use vim, run the following command at a unix command prompt:

$ vimtutor

$HOME environment

The following creates a useful environment in your home directory for adding your own Python libraries and executable scripts:

1. From the command prompt in your home directory, create bin and lib/python subdirectories by running the following commands:

   $ mkdir bin lib
   $ mkdir lib/python
   

2. Add the following lines to the bottom of your .bashrc in your home directory:

   PYTHONPATH=$HOME/lib/python
   EDITOR=vim
   
   export PYTHONPATH EDITOR
   

   This will set your prefered editor to Vim, add your own lib/python subdirectory for your Python libraries to your Python path, and add your own bin directory as a place to put executable scripts. You need to logout and log back in before your local bin directory will be in your search path.

Making a Python script executable and runnable from anywhere

On unix systems, Python scripts can be made executable using the following process:

1. Add this line as the first line in the script:

   #!/usr/bin/env python3
   

2. At the unix command prompt, type the following to make myscript.py executable:

   $ chmod +x myscript.py
   

3. Move myscript.py into your bin directory, and it will be runnable from anywhere.